Ivermectin and How it Works

"How Ivermectin Works" as Summarized by Google AI Search

Ivermectin is an antiparasitic medication that works primarily by interfering with the nerve and muscle functions of parasites, leading to their paralysis and death.
 
Mechanism of Action
 
The main mechanism of action for ivermectin in parasites is by binding selectively and with high affinity to glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCls), which are present in the nerve and muscle cells of invertebrates. 
 
  • When ivermectin binds to these channels, it causes them to open permanently, allowing a significant influx of chloride ions into the nerve and muscle cells.
  • This influx of negative chloride ions leads to a process called hyperpolarization, which disrupts the normal electrical balance of the cell membrane.
  • As a result, the nerve and muscle cells are unable to function properly, leading to the parasite’s paralysis and eventual death. 
Selectivity and Safety in Mammals
 
Ivermectin is generally safe for use in mammals (at the correct therapeutic doses) because mammals do not have glutamate-gated chloride channels in most parts of their body. 
 
  • In mammals, these channels are only located within the central nervous system (CNS), which is protected by the blood-brain barrier.
  • At the recommended doses, ivermectin does not readily cross this barrier, so it does not affect the mammalian nervous system.
  • However, high doses or certain genetic mutations in the drug transporters can allow ivermectin to enter the CNS, leading to potential toxicity
Other Proposed Mechanisms (Non-Parasitic)
 
Beyond its established antiparasitic use, research has explored other potential effects, though these often involve higher concentrations or are still under investigation: 
 
  • Anti-inflammatory effects: Ivermectin can block certain inflammatory pathways (like the NF-κB pathway), which is why it is used in topical cream form to treat skin conditions like rosacea.
  • Antiviral effects: In laboratory studies, ivermectin has shown the ability to inhibit the replication of some viruses by interfering with how viral proteins are transported within host cells. However, major health organizations like the FDA and WHO do not recommend its use for treating COVID-19 outside of clinical trials due to a lack of high-quality clinical evidence and the high doses needed to achieve in-vitro results.
  • Anticancer effects: In vitro studies suggest ivermectin might inhibit cancer cell growth through various mechanisms, but this is an emerging area of research and no approved clinical applications exist. 
Always consult a healthcare professional for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.